4: Commercial Batteries (Dry Cell, Mercury, Lead-Acid, Li-ion) and Fuel Cells — الكيمياء الصف الثاني الثانوي لغات

درس «4: Commercial Batteries (Dry Cell, Mercury, Lead-Acid, Li-ion) and Fuel Cells» فى مادة الكيمياء لـالصف الثاني الثانوي لغات من وحدة «Change and Equilibrium of Matter». This lesson categorizes commercial electrochemical power sources: Primary non-rechargeable cells (Dry cell, Alkaline, Mercury button cell), Secondary rechargeable accumulators (Lead-acid car battery and Lithium-ion battery), and Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells. It details the reversible lead-acid chemistry (Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ ⇌ 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O) and the high-efficiency, zero-emission advantages of fuel cells. هتتعلم فى الدرس ده: Primary cells are non-rechargeable (Dry cell 1.5 V, Mercury 1.35 V).، Secondary cells are...

الدرس ده من وحدة «Change and Equilibrium of Matter» فى مادة الكيمياء لـالصف الثاني الثانوي لغات على منصة دروسات.

الدرس متاح بالاشتراك: ترم كامل أو المادة لوحدها.

ملخص الدرس

This lesson categorizes commercial electrochemical power sources: Primary non-rechargeable cells (Dry cell, Alkaline, Mercury button cell), Secondary rechargeable accumulators (Lead-acid car battery and Lithium-ion battery), and Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells. It details the reversible lead-acid chemistry (Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ ⇌ 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O) and the high-efficiency, zero-emission advantages of fuel cells.

هتتعلم إيه فى الدرس ده

• Primary cells are non-rechargeable (Dry cell 1.5 V, Mercury 1.35 V).
• Secondary cells are rechargeable (Lead-Acid 12 V, Li-ion 3.7 V).
• Lead-acid discharge: Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ \rightarrow 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O (acid density drops).
• Lithium-ion batteries operate via Li⁺ ion intercalation rocking between graphite and LiCoO₂.
• Hydrogen fuel cells (2H₂ + O₂ \rightarrow 2H₂O, 1.23 V) produce clean electricity with water byproduct.